Psychotic Disorder (also known as Schizophrenia) is a serious yet treatable mental health condition that affects an individual’s thinking, perception, emotions, and behaviour. It is not simply ‘odd behaviour’ or ‘overthinking,’ but a complex disorder involving brain neurotransmitters, thought processes, emotional regulation, and perception of reality.
Those affected may experience symptoms such as hallucinations (such as hearing voices that do not exist), delusions (such as feeling persecuted), disorganised thinking, and unusual behaviour, which can significantly disrupt daily life and social functioning.
In Hong Kong, Psychotic Disorder is a major public health issue. According to the Hospital Authority, around 1,300 people are newly diagnosed each year. Based on local and international research, the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is approximately 0.3–0.7%. Most patients first develop symptoms in adolescence or early adulthood, typically between the ages of 15 and 35. The lifetime prevalence is estimated at about 1%, with approximately 5 new cases per 10,000 people each year.
The causes of Psychotic Disorder are not fully understood, but research points to both genetic and environmental factors. Individuals with a family history of psychosis are at higher risk, and experiences such as growing up in high-stress urban environments, trauma, or substance misuse may further increase vulnerability.
Treatment often involves a comprehensive approach, including medication, psychological therapy, and family support. Antipsychotic medication — available in oral and long-acting injectable forms — helps manage symptoms and reduce the risk of relapse, while therapy provides individuals with tools to understand and cope with their condition. Support from loved ones is also key to helping individuals reintegrate into daily life and maintain overall well-being.
Although Psychotic Disorder is complex and challenging, with timely professional treatment and ongoing support, many patients can recover significantly, improve their quality of life, and reduce the risk of relapse. If you or someone close to you experiences persistent hallucinations, delusions, or disorganised thinking, please do not ignore these warning signs — seeking professional help early is a crucial step towards recovery.
