What is Schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia is a serious yet treatable mental health condition. It is not simply “odd behaviour” or “overthinking,” but a complex disorder involving brain neurotransmitters, thought processes, emotional regulation, and perception of reality. Individuals may experience persistent hallucinations (such as hearing voices), delusions (such as feeling persecuted), disorganised thinking, unstable emotions, and significant difficulties in daily functioning, work, and relationships.

Global and local studies indicate that the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is approximately 0.3–0.7%, meaning three to seven people out of every thousand may develop the illness during their lifetime. Most cases begin in adolescence or early adulthood (around ages 15–35). Schizophrenia affects not only the patient’s thoughts and emotions but also has profound impacts on families, workplaces, and society.

In Hong Kong, research shows that many patients delay seeking help due to poor insight into their illness, stigma, or fear of discrimination. This increases the risk of relapse and worsens long-term outcomes.

Schizophrenia is treatable. Current effective interventions include:

• Medication: Antipsychotics (oral and long-acting injectables) reduce hallucinations, delusions, and relapse risk.
• Psychological therapies: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and family interventions improve insight and support.
• Social support: Community mental health services, vocational rehabilitation, and peer support help patients rebuild their lives.

If you or someone close to you experiences persistent hallucinations, delusions, disorganised thinking, or emotional instability, do not ignore these warning signs. Schizophrenia is not a sign of weakness but a medical condition that requires understanding and treatment. Seeking professional help early is a crucial step towards recovery.