Mischievous or ADHD? Understanding the Difference

At school, little Chuk often struggled to concentrate and was easily distracted. Outdoors, he would ignore instructions and run around freely. His family thought he was simply being naughty and scolded him repeatedly. It was only after a social worker suggested medical consultation that he was diagnosed with Attention‑Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). With treatment, his behavior and learning improved significantly—he began completing homework on his own, and his academic performance rose remarkably.

ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children, affecting around 5–9% of school‑aged children, with boys diagnosed more often than girls. Symptoms usually appear before the age of 12 and may persist into adolescence and adulthood.

Children with ADHD typically show patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, though the exact features vary by age. They may overlook details, lose belongings, or struggle with organization. They may fidget, leave their seats frequently, or run and climb at inappropriate times. Many talk excessively, interrupt others, and have difficulty waiting patiently.

When these symptoms persist for more than six months across different settings—such as home and school—and significantly affect learning or social functioning, it is important to seek a comprehensive evaluation by a qualified doctor as early as possible.

Research confirms that the best outcomes are achieved through a combination of medication and behavioral therapy. Behavioral therapy can include positive parenting strategies, structured routines, and school support to help children build stability. For children over six with more severe symptoms, doctors may prescribe stimulant medications—available in short‑acting and long‑acting forms—to improve focus and reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Common side effects, such as reduced appetite, sleep difficulties, or mood changes, are usually mild and temporary, and can often be managed by adjusting dosage or timing.

By understanding ADHD and embracing evidence‑based treatment, families can replace frustration with compassion, and children can be supported to grow, learn, and thrive.

Interview with Dr Ho Nga Lei Lily, Specialist in Psychiatry

Published on Bigfamilyz: Mischievous or ADHD? Understanding the Difference

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