Many believe depression always looks like constant crying or intense sadness, but in reality, adult depression is often well-hidden. Many individuals continue to go to work, reply to messages, and care for their families, while internally feeling disconnected and emotionally numb.

The Association has exclusively interviewed Specialist in Psychiatry, Dr. Ho Nga Lei, Lily, to analyze the hidden symptoms of adult depression and professional coping strategies.

According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, approximately 5.7% of adults globally experience depression. A depressive episode is far more than just being in a “bad mood” or experiencing temporary stress—it is a health condition that requires serious attention.

Common Symptoms of Adult Depression

(If these persist for over two weeks and affect daily life, heightened awareness is recommended):

• Mood & Motivation: Persistent low mood, loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed.
• Physical & Routine: Chronic fatigue, lack of energy, changes in sleep patterns (insomnia or waking up early), and significant shifts in appetite.
• Cognitive & Psychological: Difficulty concentrating, feelings of guilt, helplessness, or hopelessness.

Specialist in Psychiatry Dr. Ho Nga Lei, Lily emphasizes that if low mood persists, or if thoughts of self-harm or suicide arise, professional medical help or emergency support services should be sought immediately. Early support ensures you don’t have to walk this path alone.

Read full article: https://www.thestandard.com.hk/wellness/article/341594/Some-mornings-getting-out-of-bed-feels-like-a-task-that-requires-more-energy-than-you-have-Health-Decoder-Dr-Ho-Nga-Lei-Lily

#DoctorInterview #DrLilyHo #Psychiatry #AdultDepression #EmotionalWellness #MentalHealth #HealthEducation

In Hong Kong, it is estimated that 1 in 7 people will experience a common mental disorder at any given time. Yet, mental health remains widely misunderstood. Research shows that three‑quarters of those affected do not seek professional help, often due to persistent myths and misconceptions about psychiatric medication and mental illness. Addressing these myths is essential to encourage timely help‑seeking and effective treatment.

Myth 1: Psychiatric medication cannot help a “mental problem”
Psychiatric medications act on neurotransmitters that influence both physical and psychological symptoms. They can reduce distressing symptoms, making it easier for individuals to benefit from counselling, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes, ultimately improving quality of life.

Myth 2: Psychiatric medication causes addiction
When prescribed at therapeutic doses by a qualified doctor, psychiatric medication is safe. If you have concerns about dependency, speak with your psychiatrist. Medications take time to work, and if discontinuation is needed, they should be tapered gradually to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

Myth 3: Psychiatric medications have unbearable side effects
Like all medicines, psychiatric drugs may cause side effects, such as mild fatigue or dry mouth. However, newer medications often have fewer or milder side effects, many of which improve over time. Always discuss any concerns with your doctor.

Myth 4: Psychiatric drugs will change my personality
These medications do not alter your personality. Instead, they help relieve symptoms that may be clouding your true self, enabling you to function better and feel more like yourself.

Myth 5: I can stop medication once I feel better
Even after improvement, it’s important to continue medication for the prescribed duration to prevent relapse. Stopping too soon can increase the risk of symptoms returning.

Myth 6: I will need psychiatric medication forever
Treatment length varies depending on diagnosis, symptom severity, and individual needs. Some people require short‑term treatment, while others may benefit from longer‑term support. Your doctor will guide you.

Myth 7: Seeking help is a sign of weakness
Mental illness can result from a complex mix of genetic, biological, psychological, and social factors. Seeking help is a sign of strength and courage, and it helps reduce stigma while promoting mental health awareness.

Myth 8: I can “snap out of it” on my own
Mental illness is not caused by personal weakness. Therapy combined with medication can significantly improve symptoms and quality of life.

Final Thoughts
Understanding psychiatric conditions, the role of medication, and the importance of professional help is key to building a stigma‑free mental health culture in Hong Kong. By challenging these myths, we can encourage more people to seek the support they need and deserve.

Interview with Dr Ho Nga Lei Lily, Specialist in Psychiatry
Published on Mental Health Foundation “Myths of psychiatric medication and help seeking behaviors”

#PsychiatricMedication #MentalHealthHongKong #MentalHealthAwareness #HelpSeeking #MentalHealthStigma #MentalWellness #AddictionMyths #TherapyAndMedication #MythsPsychiary #MythsPsychiatricMedication

Panic disorder is a type of anxiety condition characterized by sudden episodes of intense fear and physical discomfort. During an attack, patients may experience palpitations, chest pain, rapid breathing, sweating, trembling, dizziness, and overwhelming fears of death or losing control. Each episode typically peaks within minutes and subsides quickly, yet the lingering worry of recurrence often restricts daily life. Importantly, panic attacks can occur even in seemingly safe environments.

Abdominal breathing is a simple yet effective technique to help calm emotions. Sit or lie in a comfortable position, relax the shoulders and neck, place one hand on the abdomen, and inhale slowly through the nose until the abdomen rises. Then exhale gently through the mouth until the abdomen falls. Each cycle should last about 5–7 seconds, repeated continuously. With regular practice, abdominal breathing enhances resilience against anxiety and panic, while improving overall emotional stability.

For frequent or severe episodes, professional psychiatric support is strongly recommended to ensure comprehensive care and recovery.

Interview with Dr Ho Nga Lei Lily, Specialist in Psychiatry
Recapitulated version from ontv online video “Panic Attacks Can Strike Even in Safe Environments: Abdominal Breathing Helps Calm Emotions”

#PanicDisorder #PanicAttacks #AnxietyCare #MentalHealthSupport #AbdominalBreathing #BreathingTechniques #AnxietyManagement #MentalHealthAwareness

At six years old, little Chun had long struggled with limited social skills. His interactions with peers were often inappropriate, marked by impulsive outbursts and restlessness. Upon entering primary school, his behavioral difficulties intensified: he frequently disrupted lessons, hid under desks screaming, and frightened classmates who eventually withdrew from him, leaving him isolated. Teachers suspected features of both Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention‑Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and advised his parents to seek a professional evaluation.

Following a psychiatric assessment, little Chun was diagnosed with ASD co‑existing with ADHD. The psychiatrist recommended an individualized intervention plan combining medication treatment and behavioral therapy. With full parental cooperation and systematic care, little Chun showed remarkable improvement in attention, self‑control, and social skills. He successfully integrated into group activities and began forming new friendships.

When ASD and ADHD occur together, symptoms may be subtle in early childhood. However, as academic demands and social expectations increase with age, the gap between affected children and their peers becomes more evident. Without timely intervention, difficulties may extend beyond academics to peer rejection, bullying, diminished self‑esteem, and emotional problems.

Parents are encouraged to watch for early warning signs and to collaborate actively with medical and educational professionals. By developing and implementing individualized intervention plans, families can support their child’s holistic development and safeguard both learning progress and emotional well‑being.

Interview with Dr Ho Nga Lei Lily, Specialist in Psychiatry
Recapitulated version from Creating a Brighter Horizon for Children with ASD “ASD and ADHD: The Challenges of School Transition”

#ASD #ADHD #ASDADHD #ChildMentalHealth #BehavioralTherapy #MedicationSupport #PositiveParenting #EarlyIntervention #SchoolChallenges #MentalHealthAwareness #AutismSpectrumDisorder #AttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder

Clinical interviews are the cornerstone of diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention‑Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Psychiatrists typically conduct in‑depth conversations with parents to gather detailed information about a child’s developmental history, behavioral patterns, and emotional responses. During the consultation, clinicians carefully observe the child’s interaction style, while also evaluating for potential co‑existing conditions such as anxiety or depression.”

Diagnostic Criteria (DSM‑5)
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‑5), ASD diagnosis requires:

• Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction – including difficulties in verbal and non‑verbal expression, empathy, and relationship building.
• Restricted and repetitive behaviors or interests – with challenges adapting to change.

Attention‑Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
DSM‑5 criteria for ADHD include:

• Inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity appearing before age 12.
• Symptoms lasting at least six months, inconsistent with developmental level.
• Significant impact on social, academic, or daily functioning.
• Symptoms present in two or more settings (e.g., home and school).

Through comprehensive interviews and careful observation, clinicians can:

• Develop individualized intervention plans tailored to each child’s needs.
• Combine behavioral therapy, medication management, and educational support.
• Promote holistic development and improve quality of life for children and families.

Interview with Dr Ho Nga Lei Lily, Specialist in Psychiatry
Recapitulated version from Creating a Brighter Horizon for Children with ASD “Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention‑Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)”

#AutismSpectrumDisorder #AttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder #ASD #ADHD #ADHDAssessment #ASDAssessment #MentalHealthAwareness #EarlyInterventionMatters #NeurodevelopmentalDisorders #ADHDASDComorbid

When a child is living with both Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention‑Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), parenting requires extra patience and understanding.

Scolding or trying to stop behaviors by force may bring short‑term results, but it can damage trust between parent and child and make future interactions more difficult. Instead, parents are encouraged to first calm themselves, then use a gentle tone to explain the reasons and consequences of the behavior. Working together to explore alternative solutions helps children feel supported and understood.

When a child shows improvement, timely praise and encouragement are essential. If the child continues to resist, giving them a short period of quiet time to regulate their emotions before resuming communication can be more effective.

As children grow, symptoms of hyperactivity and attention difficulties often lessen. However, if challenges are already affecting learning or daily life, it is important to seek early professional assessment. Collaborating with medical and educational teams to create an individualized intervention plan (IEP) can provide the right support for healthy development.

Interview with Dr Ho Nga Lei Lily, Specialist in Psychiatry

Recapitulated version from Creating a Brighter Horizon for Children with ASD “Parents as the Primary Force in the Parent–Child Dynamic”

#AutismSpectrumDisorder #ASDParenting #ADHDParenting #ASDandADHD #ASD #ADHD #ChildDevelopmentSupport #ParentChildRelationship #PositiveParenting #NeurodevelopmentalDisorders

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention‑Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are two distinct neurodevelopmental conditions. When they occur together—a situation known as comorbidity—children often face more complex challenges in learning, behavior, and emotional regulation. They may also be more vulnerable to peer rejection, social difficulties, and heightened anxiety.

Key Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

• Repetitive behaviors such as rocking, hand‑flapping, or other stereotyped movements
• Sensory sensitivities to sounds, lights, or textures
• Difficulty adapting to changes in environment or routine
• Social interaction challenges, including limited eye contact, preference for solitude, and difficulty expressing needs or emotions
• Echolalia, or repeating words and phrases, instead of spontaneous communication

Key Symptoms of Attention‑Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

• Short attention span and frequent distractibility
• Forgetfulness and tendency to misplace items
• Weak executive functioning, leading to disorganization and incomplete tasks
• Hyperactivity and impulsivity, such as restlessness, interrupting conversations, or acting without thinking
• Careless mistakes due to overlooking details

When ASD and ADHD Occur Together
In cases of ASD and ADHD comorbidity, symptoms may overlap and intensify. This combination can significantly increase difficulties in social interaction, academic performance, and emotional regulation, making early recognition and support especially important.

Importance of Early Assessment and Intervention
If a child shows signs of ASD, ADHD, or both, it is essential to seek early, comprehensive professional evaluation. Evidence‑based interventions may include:

• Behavioral therapy to improve self‑regulation and reduce disruptive behaviors
• Social skills training to strengthen communication and peer relationships
• Parent education to equip families with effective support strategies
• School‑based support to adapt learning environments and reduce stressors
• Medication, when clinically indicated, under psychiatric supervision

A multidisciplinary approach—combining psychiatric care, family involvement, school collaboration, and community resources—provides the best opportunity to support a child’s mental health, social development, and long‑term wellbeing.

Interview with Dr Ho Nga Lei Lily, Specialist in Psychiatry

Published on Creating a Brighter Horizon for Children with ASD “Understanding the Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention‑Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)”

#Autism #ASD #AutismSpectrumDisorder #ADHD #AttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder #Comorbidity #ChildMentalHealth #BehavioralTherapy #SocialSkillsTraining #ParentEducation #MentalHealthAwareness #FamilySupport #MultidisciplinaryCare

At just seventeen, Rachel had always been a high‑achieving student, setting exceptionally high standards for herself. Yet, in the six months before her public examinations, she became increasingly overwhelmed by the fear of not reaching her goals. Gradually, her emotional wellbeing declined. As the academic pressure intensified, she began to experience insomnia, loss of appetite, and a significant drop in concentration and study efficiency.

When her family discovered self‑inflicted injuries on her arms, they sought urgent psychiatric support. Rachel was diagnosed with depression triggered by exam stress—a condition that is not uncommon among adolescents facing high‑stakes examinations. With a carefully tailored treatment plan that combined medication and psychotherapy, she slowly regained emotional balance and rebuilt a healthier mindset.

As her mental health improved, Rachel’s motivation and academic performance also recovered. Following her recovery, Rachel achieved excellent academic results in the public examinations and successfully entered her dream university, proving that with the right support, students can thrive both emotionally and academically.

Interview with Dr Ho Nga Lei Lily, Specialist in Psychiatry

Published on Sing Tao Daily “Exam Stress and Adolescent Depression: Rachel’s Journey”

#ExamStress #Depression #StudentMentalHealth #TeenWellbeing #PsychiatricCare #Psychotherapy #MedicationTreatment #AcademicPressure #EmotionalResilience #MentalHealthAwareness

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention‑Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are distinct neurodevelopmental conditions. Yet, research shows that 50–70% of children with ASD also present with ADHD symptoms, a phenomenon known as comorbidity. While the exact mechanisms behind this overlap are not fully understood, it is widely believed to be related to differences in brain structure and imbalances in neurotransmitters.

The core features of ASD usually emerge between ages two and three, often including reduced eye contact, difficulties in social interaction, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. In contrast, ADHD symptoms typically become more apparent around ages five to six, with challenges such as inattention, poor executive functioning, restlessness, and impulsivity. When ASD and ADHD occur together, children often face greater difficulties in social communication, more pronounced learning and behavioral challenges, and an increased risk of peer rejection, bullying, anxiety, and negative emotions.

To support children with both ASD and ADHD, early, comprehensive, and individualized assessment is strongly recommended. Effective interventions may include behavioral therapy, social skills training, parent education, and coordination with school resources. Where appropriate, medication prescribed by a physician can help regulate neurotransmitter function and improve attention and self‑control.

Through a multidisciplinary approach—integrating medical, psychological, and educational resources, while strengthening family and community support—children with comorbid ASD and ADHD can achieve better emotional well‑being, improved learning outcomes, and enhanced quality of life.

Interview with Dr Ho Nga Lei Lily, Specialist in Psychiatry

Published on Creating a Brighter Horizon for Children with ASD “Comorbidity in Focus: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention‑Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)”

#Autism #ASD #AutismSpectrumDisorder #ADHD #AttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder #Comorbidity #ChildMentalHealth #BehavioralTherapy #SocialSkillsTraining #ParentEducation #MentalHealthAwareness #FamilySupport #MultidisciplinaryCare

Families can serve as our greatest source of strength and protection—or, conversely, as an unending nightmare. Research indicates that turbulent family dynamics heighten stress, trigger physical ailments, and worsen mental health, while supportive, harmonious relationships enhance recovery for those facing psychological challenges.

Creating a happy household begins with self-care. Though we strive to care for loved ones, our busy schedules often leave us depleted and overwhelmed. By setting aside daily moments for rest—such as reading, gentle exercise, or mindfulness—we replenish our energy and cultivate the resilience needed to engage positively with family.

Emotional regulation is equally vital. Practices like meditation, deep breathing, or brief pauses in a quiet space can dispel tension, helping us remain calm when conflicts arise. When emotions run high, stepping away to collect ourselves prevents impulsive reactions and preserves harmony.

Open, sincere communication forms the backbone of strong family bonds. Express your concerns honestly, and listen to others with patience and empathy. Even if immediate solutions aren’t apparent, heartfelt listening and kind reassurance can soothe distress and foster trust.

Finally, prioritize quality time together. Sharing activities—whether cooking meals, going for walks, or pursuing creative hobbies—builds meaningful connections and lasting memories. By combining self-care, emotional stability, genuine communication, and shared experiences, families can transform into nurturing, resilient communities that protect and uplift every member.

Interview with Dr Ho Nga Lei Lily, Specialist in Psychiatry
Published on Mental Health Foundation “What makes a happy family?”

#HappyFamily #EmotionalRegulation #OpenCommunication #QualityTime #FamilyWellbeing #StrongFamilyBonds #FamilyHarmony #ResilientFamilies